Researchers with VR headsets in a machine hall

Research group

Cyber-Physical &
Human Systems

We research the interactions between cyber-physical systems and humans — the basis of hybrid intelligence, in which humans use the capabilities of technology and vice versa.

What is CPHS

Cyber-Physical & Human Systems (CPHS) consist of cyber-physical computer systems and humans. Cyber-Physical Systems arise from the networking of embedded systems through wired or wireless communication networks — with applications in medical systems, assistance systems, control, automation and logistics, security, and systems for monitoring the environment, communication, and culture, e.g. as a digital twin. CPHS additionally focus on the interactions between CPS and humans, which take place physically and digitally in cyberspace.

Four guiding questions

How can new technologies be used sensibly to further improve CPHS?

How can systems and people grow together in a meaningful human–machine symbiosis?

What new opportunities do CPHS open up in industry and health?

What role does artificial intelligence play in a CPHS, and how can it be used beneficially?

Section 01

Focus

The group combines two focal points — the cyber-physical system and the human system — connected in space and time, and increasingly on a cyber-digital level as a digital twin. Artificial intelligence is the link between the two, researched here on the basis of different applications, such as smart assistance and augmented reality.

FOCUS 01

Cyber-Physical System

The technical capabilities of the systems: the increasing performance of embedded systems and advancing miniaturization of hardware, including sensors, enable new types of systems in prototype and product development. In mobile systems especially, wireless transmission technologies facilitate convenient use and user acceptance.

We research solutions for

  • Networking of systems, in particular using wireless technologies
  • Autonomous and embedded systems with hardware and software components
  • Digital twin of physical entities
  • Modeling, design and implementation of distributed AI systems in computer networks and innovative end devices such as wearables

FOCUS 02

Human System

The augmentation of humans, expanding their capacities in cyber-physical space: assistive augmentation with mobile systems requires a seamless integration of technological systems with our body, the expansion of our cognitive, perceptual and motor skills, and the ability of a system to implicitly understand the human context — made possible by artificial intelligence, which links the digital twins.

We research solutions for

  • Prevention — to identify diseases early and avoid them
  • Substitution — to technologically replace impaired functions, such as a disability
  • Extension — to expand the ability to interact with our environment

Section 02

People

The CPHS.group is jointly headed by the Professors Denys Matthies and Horst Hellbrück.

Denys J.C. Matthies

Denys J.C. Matthies

Professor · Group Head

Horst Hellbrück

Horst Hellbrück

Professor · Co-Head

Ruben Schlonsak

Ruben Schlonsak

Research Associate

Kjell Treder

Kjell Treder

Teaching Assistant

Marco Gabrecht

Marco Gabrecht

Research Associate

Arina Borzistaia

Arina Borzistaia

Research Associate

Franziska Seidensticker

Franziska Seidensticker

Research Associate

Läticia Moosdorf

Läticia Moosdorf

Research Associate

Section 03

Publications

2026

GlucoSole: 3d-printed plantar pressure sensing insole for combined resistive and capacitive sensing

Seidensticker, F., Stagge, P., Gabrecht, MT., Schlonsak, R. and Matties, DJ. (2026) — In Transactions on Additive Manufacturing Meets Medicine

The Cost of Convenience: How Delegation and Decision Horizons Erode Human Agency when overusing LLM Systems

Schlonsak, R., Jetter, H.-C. and Matthies, D. J. C. (2026) — In Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’26)

Aligning With the Dead: Posthumous Persistence as a Limit Case for Bidirectional Human-AI Alignment

Schlonsak, R. and Matthies, D. J. C. (2026) — In CHI'26 CHI Workshop on Human-AI Interaction Alignment

The Future Smart Shoe: Demonstrating Sensing-to-Actuation Prototypes

Gabrecht, M. T., Schlonsak, R., Nachtigall, T., Elvitigala, D. S. and Matthies, D. J. C. (2026) — In Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’26)

2025

Hacking Rokoko Smart Gloves for Tool Detection using Recurrent Neural Networks

Yu, Z., Schlonsak, R. and Matthies, D. J. C. (2025) — In Proceedings of the 10th international Workshop on Sensor-Based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

Toward Low-Complexity Arrhythmia Classification for Ambient Assisted Living

Wu, H., Schlonsak, R. and Matthies, D. J. C. (2025) — In Proceedings of the 10th international Workshop on Sensor-Based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

No Cloud, No Problem: A Real-Time HAR Insole with On-Device Inference

Schlonsak, R., Yu, J., Jetter, H.-C. and Matthies, D. J. C. (2025) — In Proceedings of the 10th international Workshop on Sensor-Based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

Walking the Future: Bridging Foot Augmentation into Next Steps of Human Augmentation

Sabnis, N., Wittchen, D., Otaran, A., Badmos, F., Liu, S., Saini, A., Regal, G., van Rheden, V., Mueller, FF., Nanayakkara, S. and others, . (2025) — In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Technical Analysis for Electro-Sensory 3D Foot Scanning in a Shoe

Matthies, DJ., Kasbohm, M., Bieber, G. and Nachtigall, T. (2025) — In In The PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA ’25)

How AI Is Shaping Society and Why We Must Keep It at Bay!

Matthies, D. J. C., Schlonsak, R. and Gabrecht, M. (2025) — In Proceedings of the 10th international Workshop on Sensor-Based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhotic Patients: A New Simple and Fast Digital Screening Method

Dobbermann, H., Schlüter, R., Lyubchenko, Y., Beder, J., Danneberg, S., Mitzlaff, K., Engelbart, I., Jessberger, J., Braun, F., Becker, T., Labenz, C., Janneck, M., Matthies, D., Sayk, F. and Marquardt, JU. (2025) — Wiley

PhantomFolds: Exploring Unobtrusive Spatial Tactile Feedback Produced by Two Fingernail Mounted LRAs for In-Air and On-Surface Mixed Reality Applications

Messerschmidt, MA., Matthies, DJ.C., Sasikumar, P. and Nanayakkara, S. (2025) — In International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

2024

SurfSole: Demonstrating Real-Time Surface Identification via Capacitive Sensing with Neural Networks

Willnow, P., Sternitzke, M., Gabrecht, MT. and Matthies, DJ.C. (2024) — In Proceedings of the 9th international Workshop on Sensor-Based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

ShoeTect2.0: Real-time Activity Recognition using MobileNet CNN with Multisensory Smart Footwear

Schlonsak, R., Yang, T., Gabrecht, MT. and Matthies, DJ.C. (2024) — In Proceedings of the 9th international Workshop on Sensor-Based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

FlyAI - The Next Level of Artificial Intelligence is Unpredictable! Injecting Responses of a Living Fly into Decision Making

Matthies, DJ., Schlonsak, R., Zhuang, H. and Rui, S. (2024) — In Proceedings of the 9th international Workshop on Sensor-Based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

SonicVista: Towards Creating Awareness of Distant Scenes through Sonification

Gupta, C., Sridhar, S., Matthies, DJ., Jouffrais, C. and Nanayakkara, S. (2024) — In Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

The Cyber-Placebo: Intelligent CPHS with Fake-AI?

Gabrecht, MT., Janneck, M., Hellbrück, H. and Matthies, DJ. (2024) — In IFAC-PapersOnLine

Kavy: Fostering Language Speaking Skills and Self-Confidence Through Conversational AI

Cooray, S., Hettiarachchi, C., Nanayakkara, V., Matthies, D., Samaradivakara, Y. and Nanayakkara, S. (2024) — In Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2024

Bridge Detection in Autonomous Shipping: A YOLOv8 Approach with Autodistill and GroundedSAM

Schlonsak, R., Schreiter, JP. and Hellbrück, H. (2024) — In Journal of Physics: Conference Series

SALOS—A UWB Single-Anchor Indoor Localization System Based on a Statistical Multipath Propagation Model

Schmidt, SO., Cimdins, M., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2024) — In MDPI Sensors

Evaluation of the Modular Design Structure for the UWB Single Anchor Localization System SALOS

Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2024) — In Proceedings of the 5th KuVS/GI Expert Talk on Localization

Real-Time BLE Angle-of-Arrival Localization with Gauss-Newton

Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2024) — In PLANNED: IEEE WCNPS

On Weight Functions for Multipath-Assisted Radio Tomographic Imaging Algorithms

Cimdins, M., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2024) — In Proceedings of the 5th KuVS/GI Expert Talk on Localization

Comparative Study of Narrowband and Ultra- Wideband Systems for Device-Free Localization

Cimdins, M., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2024) — In IEEE MTTW

Inland Waterway Vessel Autonomy: Sensor and Communication Design

Schreiter, JP., Kugler, JN., Schmitz, A., Ballin, F., Heßler, A. and Hellbrück, H. (2024) — In OCEANS 2024 - Singapore

2023

User Generated Inverted Item Evaluation (UGIIE)

Matthies, DJ., Kothandan, J., Sun, W. and Dittmar, A. (2023) — In Proceedings of 25rd HCI International Conference (HCII 2023)

NOSEwrist: Natural Olfactory Substitution and Extension wrist

Matthies, D., Sellhorn, O., Gabrecht, M., Schuljak, J. and Hellbrück, H. (2023) — Chapter in Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023

Cyber-Physical & Human Systems (CPHS)–A Review and Outlook

Matthies, DJ., Gabrecht, M. and Hellbrück, H. (2023) — In Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023

PneuShoe: A Pneumatic Smart Shoe for Activity Recognition, Terrain Identification, and Weight Estimation

Gabrecht, MT., Wang, H. and Matthies, DJC. (2023) — In Proceedings of the 8th international Workshop on Sensor-Based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence

Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things

Sun, D., Xi, Y., Yaqot, A., Hellbrück, H. and Wu, H. (2023) — In Sensors

Two Industrial Reference Demonstrators for High Throughput and Low Latency in 5G Standalone Network Setups

John, F., Sievers, B., Sellhorn, OH. and Hellbrueck, H. (2023) — In Mobile Communication-Technologies and Applications; 27th ITG-Symposium

MA-RTI: Design and Evaluation of a Real-World Multipath-Assisted Device-Free Localization System

Cimdins, M., Schmidt, SO., John, F., Constapel, M. and Hellbrück, H. (2023) — In Sensors

LoomoRescue: An Affordable Rescue Robot for Evacuation Situations

Matthies, DJ., Schmidt, SO., He, Y., Yu, Z. and Hellbrueck, H. (2023) — In HCI International 2023

2022

Wearable Sensing of Facial Expressions and Head Gestures

Matthies, DJ., Saffaryazdi, N. and Billinghurst, M. (2022) — In Workshop of Nordic Human-Computer Interaction Conference (NordiCHI ’22)

ShoeTect: Detecting Body Posture, Ambulation Activity, Gait Abnormalities, and Terrain with Multisensory Smart Footwear

Matthies, DJ. and Li, X. (2022) — In 7th international Workshop on Sensor-based Activity Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (iWOAR ’22)

TickleFoot: Design, Development and Evaluation of a Novel Foot-tickling Mechanism that Can Evoke Laughter

Elvitigala, DS., Boldu, R., Nanayakkara, S. and Matthies, DJ. (2022) — In ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)

Practical Security Analysis and Measures for 5G Private Industrial Standalone (SA) Deployments

Vosteen, L., John, F., Schuljak, J., Sievers, B., Hanemann, A. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In 26. VDE/ITG Fachtagung Mobilkommunikation

Evaluation and Error Correction of Position Tracking Systems of Autonomous Vehicles for Indoor Localization

Angelstein, R., Schmidt, SO., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In Student Conference on Medical Engineering Science

Effect of Object Diameter Specific Reflections to Underwater Ultrasonic Multipath Diffraction Measurements

Petersen, H., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In Student Conference on Medical Engineering Science

Feature Identifier for Underwater Ultrasonic Multipath Diffraction Model

Mulkerin, G., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In Student Conference on Medical Engineering Science

Underwater Ultrasonic Multipath Diffraction Model for Short Range Communication and Sensing Applications with Reflector

Schön, LP., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In Student Conference on Medical Engineering Science

Evaluation of 3-dimensional Electrical Impedance Tomography-Arrays for Underwater Object Detection

Schmidt, SO., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In OCEANS Conference 2022 - Chennai

Spectral Ultrasonic Underwater Buried Object Detection and Localization

John, F., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In OCEANS Conference 2022 - Chennai

Evaluation of an Electrical Impedance Tomography Model for Underwater Object Detection

Schmidt, SO., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In OCEANS 2022, Hampton Roads

Evaluation of 3-dimensional Electrical Impedance Tomography-Arrays for Underwater Object Detection

Schmidt, SO., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In OCEANS 2022 - Chennai

A Reference Deployment of a Minimal Open-Source Private Industry and Campus 5G Standalone (SA) System

John, F., Schuljak, J., Vosteen, LB., Sievers, B., Hanemann, A. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In 2022 IEEE 10th International Conference on Information, Communication and Networks (ICICN)

Multisensor Platform for Underwater Object Detection and Localization Applications

John, F., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In OCEANS 2022, Hampton Roads

Spectral Ultrasonic Underwater Buried Object Detection and Localization

John, F., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In OCEANS 2022 - Chennai

Exploiting Ultra-Wideband Channel Impulse Responses for Device-Free Localization

Cimdins, M., Schmidt, SO., Bartmann, P. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — In Sensors

HLS: Hierarchical Lossless Segmentation - A New Approach for Bilevel Image Compression

Soukieh, A., Yaqot, A. and Hellbrueck, H. (2022) — In 2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME)

SALOS - a UWB Single Anchor Localization System based on CIR-vectors - Design and Evaluation

Schmidt, SO., Cimdins, M. and Hellbrueck, H. (2022) — In International Conference for Indoor Positioning and Navigation (IPIN) 2022

Latency and Energy Consumption of Convolutional Neural Network Models from IoT Edge Perspective

Hauschild, S. and Hellbrück, H. (2022) — Chapter in Internet of Things

2021

ClothTiles: A Prototyping Platform to Fabricate Customized Actuators on Clothing using 3D Printing and Shape-Memory Alloys

Muthukumarana, S., Messerschmidt, MA., Matthies, DJ., Steimle, J., Scholl, PM. and Nanayakkara, S. (2021) — In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Prototyping Smart Eyewear with Capacitive Sensing for Facial and Head Gesture Detection

Matthies, DJ., Woodall, A. and Urban, B. (2021) — In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2021 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2021 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers

mobiLLD: Exploring the Detection of Leg Length Discrepancy and Altering Gait with Mobile Smart Insoles

Matthies, DJ., Elvitigala, DS., Fu, A., Yin, D. and Nanayakkara, S. (2021) — In The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference

DIY-PressMat: A Smart Sensor Mat for Posture Detection Applicable for Bed-exit Intention Detection, Pressure Ulcer Prevention, and Sleep Apnea Mitigation

Matthies, DJ., Haescher, M., Chodan, W. and Bieber, G. (2021) — In The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference

CapGlasses: Untethered Capacitive Sensing with Smart Glasses

Matthies, DJ., Weerasinghe, C., Urban, B. and Nanayakkara, S. (2021) — In Proceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 2021 (AHs '21)

EyeKnowYou: A DIY Toolkit to Support Monitoring Cognitive Load and ActualScreen Time using a Head-Mounted Webcam

Kaluarachchi, T., Sapkota, S., Taradel, J., Thevenon, A., Matthies, DJ. and Nanayakkara, S. (2021) — In Adjunct Publication of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (MobileHCI '21)

GymSoles++: Combining Google Glass with Smart Insoles to Improve Body Posture when Performing Squats

Elvitigala, DS., Matthies, DJ., Weerasinghe, C. and Nanayakkara, S. (2021) — In The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference (PETRA 2021)

Flexible Data Acquisition with LoRaWAN and MQTT for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Cimdins, M., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2021) — In Mobile Communication - Technologies and Applications; 25th ITG-Symposium

Flexible Arbitrary Signal Generation and Acquisition System for Compact Underwater Measurement Systems and Data Fusion

John, F., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2021) — In Global Oceans 2021: San Diego - Porto

High Precision Open Laboratory 3D Positioning System for Automated Underwater Measurements

John, F., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2021) — In Global Oceans 2021: San Diego - Porto

Underwater Ultrasonic Multipath Diffraction Model for Short Range Communication and Sensing Applications

John, F., Cimdins, M. and Hellbrück, H. (2021) — In IEEE Sensors Journal

Object Localization in Seawater via Electrical Impedance Measurements

Lindenberg, AV., Ardelt, G., John, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2021)

Inference and Performance Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks used for Human Gesture Recognition on IoT-Devices

Sievers, B., Hauschild, S. and HellbrÜck, H. (2021)

Gigahertz Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for Sediment Exploration

Elsner, C., John, F. and HellbrÜck, H. (2021)

Modeling the Interference of Ultra-Wideband Signals in Multipath Propagation Channels

Kniesel, JP., Schmidt, SO. and HellbrÜck, H. (2021)

Modeling the Path Losses of Ultra-Wideband Signals in Multipath Propagation Channels

Schramm, S., Schmidt, SO. and HellbrÜck, H. (2021)

Modeling UWB Multipath Propagation considering Material-Dependent Reflection Effects

Winkel, T., Schmidt, SO. and HellbrÜck, H. (2021)

FitFone: Tracking Home Workout in Pandemic Times

Matthies, DJ.C., Harder, T., Bretterbauer, F., Ginter, V. and Hellbrück, H. (2021) — In The 14th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference

Location Awareness in the Internet of Things

Leugner, S. and Hellbrück, H. (2021) — In Advances in Information and Communication: Proceedings of the 2021 Future of Information and Communication Conference (FICC), Volume 1

Measurement of Blood Pressure by Ultrasound - The Applicability of Devices, Algorithms and a View in Local Hemodynamics

Meusel, M., Wegerich, P., Bode, B., Stawschenko, E., Kusche-Vihrog, K., Hellbrück, H. and Gehring, H. (2021) — In Diagnostics

Brachialis Pulse Wave Measurements with Ultra-Wide Band and Continuous Wave Radar, Photoplethysmography and Ultrasonic Doppler Sensors

Hellbrück, H., Ardelt, G., Wegerich, P. and Gehring, H. (2021) — In Sensors

Sind portable intelligente Geräte für die Diagnostik in der Hausarztpraxis geeignet?

Hauschild, S. and Hellbrück, H. (2021) — Chapter in Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin. 55. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin

Interoperabilität, technische Schnittstellen…? Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis von Praxisinformationssystemen

Wewetzer, L., Hauschild, S., Blickle, P., Hellbrück, H. and Steinhäuser, J. (2021) — In Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin

Comparison of I/Q- and Magnitude-based UWB Channel Impulse Responses for Device-free Localization

Cimdins, M., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2021) — In International Conference on Localization and GNSS

Detection and Identification of Multipath Interference with Adaption of Transmission Band for UWB Transceiver Systems

Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrueck, H. (2021) — In International Conference for Indoor Positioning and Navigation (IPIN) 2021

2020

Touch me gently: recreating the perception of touch using a shape-memory alloy matrix

Muthukumarana, S., Elvitigala, DS., Forero Cortes, JP., Matthies, DJ. and Nanayakkara, S. (2020) — In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

StressFoot: Uncovering the Potential of the Foot for Acute Stress Sensing in Sitting Posture

Elvitigala, DS., Matthies, DJ. and Nanayakkara, S. (2020) — In Sensors

AiSee: An Assistive Wearable Device to Support Visually Impaired Grocery Shoppers

Boldu, R., Matthies, DJ., Zhang, H. and Nanayakkara, S. (2020) — In Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

Differential Ultrasonic Detection of Small Objects for Underwater Applications

John, F., Kusche, R., Adam, F. and Hellbrück, H. (2020) — In Global Oceans 2020: Singapore – U.S. Gulf Coast

MAMPI-UWB—Multipath-Assisted Device-Free Localization with Magnitude and Phase Information with UWB Transceivers

Cimdins, M., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2020) — In Sensors

MAMPI – Multipath-assisted Device-free Localization with Magnitude and Phase Information

Cimdins, M., Schmidt, SO. and Hellbrück, H. (2020) — In International Conference on Localization and GNSS

Contact-Free Biosignal Acquisition via Capacitive and Ultrasonic Sensors

Kusche, R., John, F., Cimdins, M. and Hellbrück, H. (2020) — In IEEE Access

Verfahren zur kontaktlosen Messung wenigstens eines Vitalparameters eines Patienten

Kusche, R. and Hellbrück, H. (2020) — Offenlegungsschrift, DE102020103911.5

Collaboration

We are more than happy to welcome any students that are interested in research. THL-students can browse the Thesisboard to get more details for open projects.